Geology

The word geology means 'Study of the Earth'. Also known as geoscience or earth science, Geology is the primary Earth science and looks at how the earth formed, its structure and composition, and the types of processes acting on it.

Mineralogy

• Mineralogy is the study of the chemistry, crystal structure and physical properties of the mineral constituents of rocks.


• Mineralogy is concerned with the inorganic materials of the universe and, as such, is an essential component of the earth and planetary sciences; almost every aspect of the earth sciences involves minerals. There are almost 5000 mineral species.



Petrology

• Petrology is the study of rocks - igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary - and the processes that form and transform them. Mineralogy is the study of the chemistry, crystal structure and physical properties of the mineral constituents of rocks.



Paleontology

• Paleontology is the study of the history of life on Earth as based on fossils. Fossils are the remains of plants, animals, fungi, bacteria, and single-celled living things that have been replaced by rock material or impressions of organisms preserved in rock.



Stratigraphy

• Stratigraphy is a branch of Geology and the Earth Sciences that deals with the arrangement and succession of strata, or layers, as well as the origin, composition and distribution of these geological strata. The study of archaeological and natural stratification therefore involves the assessment of TIME and SPACE.



Geophysics

• Geophysics is the study of the Earth's physics and structure using mathematical and physical methods. This includes everything from an understanding of the microscopic properties of minerals and rocks, to an understanding of global processes such as earthquakes and climate.



Geomorphology

• Geomorphological research focuses on the forces that shape and alter the Earth's relief, such as tectonic activity and surficial movements (e.g., landslides and rockfalls), along with erosion and deposition by wind, glacial ice, and water.



Volcanology

• Volcanology is a young and exciting career that deals with the study of one of the earth's most dynamic processes - volcanoes. Scientists of many disciplines study volcanoes. Physical volcanologists study the processes and deposits of volcanic eruptions.



Seismology

• Seismology is the scientific study of earthquakes (or generally, quakes) and the generation and propagation of elastic waves through the Earth or other planetary bodies.



Hydrogeology

• Hydrogeology (hydro- meaning water, and -geology meaning the study of the Earth) is the area of geology that deals with the distribution and movement of groundwater in the soil and rocks of the Earth's crust (commonly in aquifers).